GRADE 8 & 9 SCIENCE REVISION

About Course

This course seek to empower learners with needed techniques and skill to further their understanding about Science exams and them support by way of strengthening their content as well as how to present that content in a manner that is meaningful to the markers and examiners.

Topics and sub topics around which there were some specific concerns included Magnets, Electricity, Food hygiene, Personal hygiene, Light, Sound, Puberty, Our environment, Animal Classification, Malaria, Skin, Fresh air, Air and Waterborne Diseases.

Course Content

REVISION QUESTIONS
This section of the topic will focus on revising questions from the past papers. This will include practical questions as well. This will enable students too gain a deeper understanding on how to handle practical questions in their every day lives. The lessons will be executed through quizzes, assignments, live chats and zoom classes.

Lesson 1. Practical question on Density

08:19
Lesson 2 Practical question on Heat expansion 1

03:54
Lesson 4. Practical question on Carbon cycle

06:43
Introductory quiz

Paper 2 Revision
This section will revise through certain questions from the past papers to enable students gain more technical know-how on how to handle exam questions.

Reproduction in Humans
This section will revise some selected paper 2 type of questions based on the human reproductive system. Students are expected to go through the questions and attempt before watching a video for answers and explanation from the tutor.

Light and Its effects
In this chapter, students are expected to answer revision questions related to light and its effects. Expected to answer questions on ray diagrams, magnification of images and effects of light as well as defining terms associated with light.

Mass and Weight
It is one of the fundamental quantities in Physics and the most basic property of matter. We can define mass as the measure of the amount of matter in a body. The SI unit of mass is Kilogram (kg). Note: The mass of a body does not change at any time. Only for certain extreme cases when a huge amount of energy is given or taken from a body. For example: in a nuclear reaction, tiny amount of matter is converted into a huge amount of energy, this reduces the mass of the substance. It is the measure of the force of gravity acting on a body. The formula for weight is given by: w = mg As weight is a force its SI unit is also the same as that of force, SI unit of weight is Newton (N). Looking at the expression of weight we see that it depends on mass and the acceleration due to gravity, the mass may not change but the acceleration due to gravity does change from place to place.

DENSITY
Density is a measure of how compact the mass in a substance or object is. The density of an object or substance can be calculated from this equation: density in kilograms per meter cubed is equal to mass in kilograms, divided by volume in meters cubed. Or in other words, density is mass spread out over a volume. Or in other, other words, it's the number of kilograms that 1 meter cubed of the substance weights. If each meter cubed weighs more, the substance is more dense. As we'll discuss in other lessons, density is super important because it relates to whether things rise or sink. Less dense materials tend to rise above more dense materials, particularly in the case of liquids and gases. So understanding density has major implications for the motions of materials and gases in the atmosphere and objects floating (or sinking) in water. Density is the reason some objects sink and other objects float.

PRESSURE
Pressure is defined to be the amount of force exerted per area. P= F/A P, equals, start fraction, F, divided by, A, end fraction So to create a large amount of pressure, you can either exert a large force or exert a force over a small area (or do both). In other words, you might be safe lying on a bed of nails if the total surface area of all the nail tips together is large enough. If you tried to hammer a bowling pin into the wall, nothing would probably happen except for people deciding to no longer lend you their bowling pins. However, if you hammer with the same force on a nail, the nail would be a lot more likely to penetrate the wall. This shows that sometimes just knowing the magnitude of the force isn't enough: you also have to know how that force is distributed on the surface of impact. For the nail, all the force between the wall and the nail was concentrated into the very small area on the sharp tip of the nail. However, for the bowling pin the area touching the wall was much larger, and therefore the force was much less concentrated. Person hitting a bowling pin and a nail with a hammer. Person hitting a bowling pin and a nail with a hammer. To make this concept precise, we use the idea of pressure. Pressure is defined to be the amount of force exerted per area.

Conservation of Animals
Conservation has several areas of importance. Biodiversity Biodiversity is one important issue. Reduction in numbers of one animal interrupts the eco system and the natural food chain, and leads to the threat of other species. Release suffering Animal conservation can be important to relieve suffering for animals because they are kept captive. Examples of this is the use of elephants in South East Asia for tourism. Likewise, the use of orangutans in Indonesia for boxing shows. In addition to the suffering cause to the animals, these activities create sharp population decline for the species. Human needs Reduction in numbers of one animal can also have a chain effect on other species that are important to human beings. All animals play an important role in the eco system. The loss or reduction of certain species can have a flow on effect; including an affect on human food and water source that are critical to our survival.

THE HUMAN BODY (CIRCULATORY SYSTEM)
The circulatory system (cardiovascular system) pumps blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygen. The heart then sends oxygenated blood through arteries to the rest of the body. The veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart to start the circulation process over. Your circulatory system is critical to healthy organs, muscles and tissues. Your heart and blood vessels make up the circulatory system. The main function of the circulatory system is to provide oxygen, nutrients and hormones to muscles, tissues and organs throughout your body. Another part of the circulatory system is to remove waste from cells and organs so your body can dispose of it. Your heart pumps blood to the body through a network of arteries and veins (blood vessels). Your circulatory system can also be defined as your cardiovascular system. Cardio means heart, and vascular refers to blood vessels. The circulatory system’s function is to move blood throughout the body. This blood circulation keeps organs, muscles and tissues healthy and working to keep you alive. The circulatory system also helps your body get rid of waste products. This waste includes: Carbon dioxide from respiration (breathing). Other chemical byproducts from your organs. Waste from things you eat and drink.

ELECTRICITY
This topic will cover a few selected concepts on electricity to assist students to understand some challenging tasks. Students are encouraged to watch the presented videos carefully and attentively. If any questions arising from the concepts, students are encouraged once more to contact the tutor for further explanation.

SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
This topic will discuss the various methods used to separate miscible mixtures. Students are expected to carefully read the notes before attempting the questions. This section will also provide students with an opportunity to revise exam questions. At the end of questions, suggested answers are provided but students are encouraged to write their own answers separately before checking through the provided answers.

MATTER
This section will discuss changes in states / phases of matter. These states include solid, liquid and gas. Concepts on heating and cooling curves will be discussed.

ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
This topic will discuss concepts about human health and diseases. Students are encouraged to take the revision questions seriously as they are extracted from exam papers. Each lesson consists of questions and answers extracted from past papers. However, students are asked to attempt on their own before checking through the key.

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